Isomerism

•  In this blog we define isomerism and know about type of isomerism like "structural isomerism" and "stereoisomerism". So i hope you will understand the isomerism after reading this blog.

* Definition Isomerism:

• many organic compounds have same molecular formula but different in their physical and chemical properties.

• These compounds are known as lsomers and this property is known as isomerism.

*Types of isomerism:

(a). Structural Isomerism:  

• In this molecules have different structures as a result of this they have different properties

• five types of structural isomerism:

1. Chain isomerism

2. Position isomerism

3. Functional isomerism

4. Metamerism 

5. Tautomerism 

(b). Stereoisomerism: 

• It arises due to different arrangement of atoms around the carbon in space. 

• Molecules having the same molecular and structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atom are called stereoisomers and this phenomenon is known as stereoisomerism.

* Two types of stereoisomerism: 

1.  Conformational isomerism: 

• stereoisomerism having different relative position of atoms within the molecular and which can be interconverted by bonds are called conformational isomers. 

• These interconversions do not require breaking and remaking of covalent bonds. 

2. Configurational isomerism: 

• Those stereoisomerism which can be interconverted only by braking and remaking of covalent isomers. 

• These cannot be interconverted by simple rotation about Sigma bonds. 

• Two types of configurational isomerism:

(A). Optical isomerism (B). Geometrical isomerism

(A). Optical isomerism: 

• isomerism which differ only in their behaviours towards plane of polarised light i.e. one isomer rotates the plane of polarised light towards right and the other towards left to the same extent.

• such pair of isomerism are called optical isomers and the phenomenon is called optical activity. 

(B). Geometrical isomerism: 

Geometrical isomerism is a general phenomenon and is shown by any molecule which can assume rigid configuration due to hindered rotation in a portion of the molecule. The hindered rotation is about a double bond in apart of the molecule.