Introduction History and Development Of Medicinal Chemistry

 Introduction History and Development Of Medicinal Chemistry

Inside this blog, we are going to introduce you to medicinal chemistry, as well as what has been its history and what has been the development in it so far. So read the blog to the end to find out about it.

* INTRODUCTIN : 

- Medicinal chemistry is a multidisciplinary science involving Organic chemistry, Biochemistry, Physiology, Pharmacology, genetics, Toxicology and Computer Modeling.

- it encompasses design, synthesis and development of bioactive molecule (Drugs).  according to IUPAC definition medicinal chemistry is "a chemistry based discipline also involving aspects of biological, medical and pharmaceutical sciences. it is concerned with the invention, discovery, design, identification and preparation of biological active compound, the study of their metabolism, interpretation of their mode of action at the molecular level and construction of structure activity relationship (SAR)". 

* What Was The history of medicinal chemistry :

The 19th century is viewed as the birth period of modern medicinal medicinal chemistry with the introduction of side in 1885. since then, it has been rapidly developing. The side chain theory led to the origin of modern drug receptor theory by cambridge physiologist, langley in mid 1890's. Lock and key theory by Fischer in 1894 and hypothesis on enzyme-substrate complex formation by henry in 1903 are regarded as key advancements in medicinal chemistry and principles of drug action. 

* Development In Medicinal Chemistry : 

The core  aspect of medicinal chemistry functions to further improvise on the pharmacokinetics properties of the active substances. Another aspects of the active substances that are improvised are their pharmaceutical properties which would enable them to be formulated into suitable dosage forms and become suitable for clinical use. By these chemical formulation processes, compound with desired bioavailability, sustained release formulations, water-soluble compounds of the desirable drugs can be achieved. moreover using these processes, any of the factors that end to adversely affect the patient compliance such as undesirable organoleptic properties, irritation, pain at site of injection etc., can be overcome. 

therefore, to bring a drug from discovery to the market, a pharmaceutical company requires approximately 10-15 years and up to 600-800 million dollars. 

previously, drugs were discovered on trial and error basis. they were synthesized in a multistep, time consuming process further investigation the promising candidates for their pharmacokinetics properties, metabolism and potential toxicity. such processes resulted in high attrition rates with failure attributed to poor pharmacokinetics, animal toxicity, ADRs in humans and various other miscellaneous factors. today, the processes of drugs discovery has been revolutionized with the advent of scientific technologies and molecular biology. 

now they are developed by screening synthetic chemicals or extracts in a sequential manner (initially on isolated animal organs followed by their testing on whole animals). a technique known as high throughput screening (HTS) has evolved with advances in cellular biology and receptor technology, where several automated microtechniques are available which screens more than 50,000 compounds in day. high content screening (HCS) is a popular technique based on in vitro cell-based assays.