Autonomic nervous system
What is the autonomic nervous system?
•The part of nervous system that regulates the functions of visceral organs in the body is known as autonomic nervous system (ANS).
• It is one of the major subdivisions of peripheral nervous system and plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis of the internal environment.
Where is ANS located?
The term autonomic nervous system (ANS) refers to collections of motor neurons (ganglia) situated in the head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, and to the axonal connections of these neurons.
What is an example of the autonomic nervous system?
Ex. 1. Construction and relaxation of blood vessels.
2. Increase and decrease of heart rate.
3. Food pass through digestive tract.
4. Increase and decrease of rate of respiration.
What is the main function of autonomic nervous system?
Autonomic nervous system innervates cardiac muscles, smooth muscles in the walls of visceral organs, blood vessels and glands. Thus, it controls involuntary activities like digestion, heart rate, salivation, perspiration, dilation of pupils, urine discharge, defecation, sexual arousal etc.
The main processes regulated BY AND are,
1. Constriction and relaxation of smooth muscles cells.
2. Regulation of heart rate.
3. Regulation of exocrine and endocrine gland secretions.
4. Energy metabolism.
What is the Parasympathetic nervous system?
It is excitatory division which is also known as cholinergic nervous system or craniosacral division. the preganglionic nervous system arise from the brain and spinal cord.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
it is inhibitory division which is known as adrenergic nervous system or thoracolumbar division. the preganglionic nerves system arise only from the spinal cord.
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