Neurons is a longest cell and it is the smallest unit of nervous system. It is consist of mainly their three parts; cell body, dendrites, axon. It is responsible to transmission of nerve impulse body to CNS and CNS to body.
Three general categories of neurons are commonly found are as follows;
a. Receptors: These are highly specialized neurons that act to encode sensory information for example the photoreceptors of the eye trans form variations in light intensity into electrical and chemical signals that can be read by other that being the process of sensation and perception. nerve cells. these cells receive signals from and send signals to other nerve information in many different ways and constitute the bulk of the human nervous system.
b. Interneurons: They form the second category of nerve cells. These cells receive signals from and send signals to other nerve cells. interneurons serve to process information in many different ways and constitute the bulk of the human nervous system.
c. Effectors or motor neurons: They are the third class of neurons. these cells send signals to the muscle governing the behavior of the organism.
Parts of neurons;
- The cell body (or soma): It contains the nucleus of the cell and its associated intracellular structures.
- Dendrites: They are specialized extensions of the cell body. They function to get information from other cells and carry those information to the cell body.
- Axon: It carries information from the soma to other cells, but many small cells do not. axons terminate in endfeet, or terminal boutons (buttons) that transmit information to the receiving cell.
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