पाउडर सबसे सरल खुराक के रूप हैं और कई अन्य ठोस खुराक रूपों जैसे कि टैबलेट, कैप्सूल आदि का आधार हैं।
• पाउडर सूखी, बारीक विभाजित दवाओं और/या रसायनों के अंतरंग मिश्रण होते हैं जो आंतरिक या बाहरी उपयोग के लिए अभिप्रेत हो सकते हैं।
• फार्मास्युटिकल पाउडर ठोस खुराक के रूप होते हैं, जो आंतरिक या बाहरी उपयोग के लिए तैयार सूखे पाउडर दवाओं के मिश्रण पर विचार करते हैं।
वितरण के तरीके के आधार पर चूर्णों का वर्गीकरण:
1. बाहरी उपयोग के लिए थोक पाउडर:
ए। डस्टिंग पाउडर B. नास सी। डूश चूर्ण। डी। डेंटल पाउडर ई. insufflations
2. आंतरिक उपयोग के लिए थोक पाउडर।
3. आंतरिक उपयोग के लिए सरल और मिश्रित पाउडर।
4. उत्सर्जक कणिकाएं
5. कैशे
1. बाहरी उपयोग के लिए थोक पाउडर:
External bulk powders contain non-potent substance for external application. These powders are dispersed in glass, plastic wide mouth bottles and also in cardboard with specific method of application.
Bulk powders for external used are of five types.
a. Dusting powders :
These are used externally for local application not intended for systemic action.
The desired characteristics of powders include-
a. Homogeneity,
b. Non-irritability,
c. Free flow,
d. Good spreadability and covering capability
e. Adsorption and absorption capability,
f. Very fine state of subdivision, and
g. Capacity to protect the skin against irritation caused by friction, moisture or chemical irritants.
• Dusting powders usually contain substances such as zinc oxide, starch and boric acid or natural mineral substances such as kaolin or talk.
• Dusting powders should not be applied to broken skin. If desired, the powders should be micronized or passed through sieve # 80 or 100.
• Dusting powders should preferably be dispersed in sifter-top containers. Such containers provide the protection from air, moisture and contamination as well as convenience of application.
• Currently some foot powders and talcum powders have been marketed as pressure aerosols.
• Dusting powders are employed chiefly as lubricants, protectives, absorbents, antibiotics, antipruritics, astringents and antiperspirant.
Example of a common dusting powder :
Zinc oxide 20 parts
Salicylic acid 2 parts
Starch powder 78 parts
b. Snuffs :
These are finely divided solid dosage forms of medicaments dispensed in flat metal boxes with hinged lid. These powders are inhaled into nostrils for decongestion, antiseptic, and bronchodilator action.
c. Douche powder :
These powders are intended to be used as antiseptics or cleansing agents for a body cavity; most commonly for vaginal use although they may be formulated for nasal, otic or ophthalmic use also.
As douche powder formulation often include aromatic oils, it becomes necessary to pass them through sieve # 40 or 60 to eliminate agglomeration and to ensure complete mixing.
They can be dispensed either in wide mouth glass bottles or in powder boxes but the former are preferred because of protection afforded against air and moisture.
d. Dental powders :
Dental powders are rarely prescribed. However this class of Powders is interesting from compounding point of view. The prescription is a type of dentifrice meant for cleaning the teeth.
• As such, dental powders contain detergents, abrasives, antibiotics and colouring and flavouring agents incorporated in a suitable base. Generally the base is calcium carbonate. The detergent is in the form of soap and the abrasive action is provided by finely powdered pumice stone.
• Essential oils are added to provide flavour and freshness to the mouth as well as antiseptic action. Essential oils, if present in smaller quantity, are easily absorbed by calcium carbonate and pumice. This makes the uniform distribution of the solids taking considerable care to distribute it uniformly.
e. Insufflation :
Insufflation are a class of Powders meant for application to the body cavities E.g., ear, nose, vagina etc. The powder has to be extremely fine and must find an entry to the cavity deep enough to bring about it's action at the site. It is delivered to the affected part in a stream with the help of a device called an insufflator, which blows the powder to the site.
• Some of the insufflation contain volatile liquid ingredients which may require uniform distribution in the powder. If these liquid ingredients are present in large quantity, the liquid portion may have to be evaporated.
• Generally evaporation is brought about slowly in a China dish which is heated on a water bath. The resultant product is re-powdered and sifted through a sieve of a suitable size.
• However action volatile liquids present in small portions should not be removed by evaporation but only incorporated by trituration in the powder.
• The PHARMACEUTICAlL industry package insufflations in pressurized from i.e., aerosols.
• Aerosols contain the medication in a stout container with a suitable valve.
• The delivery of the powder being accomplished by a liquefied or compressed gas propellant of very low boiling point. On pressing the actuator of the valve the propellant delivers the medication in a stream.
2. Bulk powders for internal use :
Bulk powders contain many doses in wide mouth container that is suitable to remove the powder by a teaspoon. The non-potent substances are used in bulk powder from such as antacid, laxative, purgatives, etc.
Example of purgatives bulk powder :
Rhubarb powder
Light magnesium carbonate
भारी मैग्नीशियम कार्बोनेट
अदरक चूर्ण
चूर्ण बना लें।
3. आंतरिक उपयोग के लिए सरल और मिश्रित पाउडर।
ये यूनिट डोज़ पाउडर होते हैं जिन्हें सामान्य रूप से ठीक से मुड़े हुए कागज़ों में पैक किया जाता है और लिफाफे, धातु की पन्नी, छोटे हीट-सील्ड प्लास्टिक बैग या अन्य कंटेनरों में फैलाया जाता है।
• आम तौर पर साधारण चूर्ण बनाने के लिए, सामग्री को सही ढंग से तौला जाता है और वजन के आरोही क्रम में ज्यामितीय मिश्रण द्वारा मिश्रित किया जाता है।
• मिश्रण को या तो समान आकार के ब्लॉकों में विभाजित किया जाता है, पाउडर की संख्या का प्रतिनिधित्व करने वाले ब्लॉकों की संख्या या प्रत्येक खुराक को अलग से तौला जाता है और पाउडर पेपर पर रखा जाता है।
• फिर कागज को फार्मास्युटिकल कला के अनुसार मोड़ा जाता है और एक लिफाफे या पाउडर बॉक्स में रखा जाता है।
4. उत्सर्जक दाने :
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